Sadness and anger may signal poor health, says study

Negative mood, such as sadness and anger, is associated with higher levels of inflammation and may be a signal of poor health, according to a study. Researchers from the Pennsylvania State University in the US found that negative mood measured multiple times a day over time is associated with higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers.

This extends prior research showing that clinical depression and hostility are associated with higher inflammation. Inflammation is part of the body's immune response to such things as infections, wounds, and damage to tissues.

Chronic inflammation can contribute to numerous diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and some cancers.The study, published in the journal Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, is the first examination of associations between both momentary and recalled measures of mood or affect with measures of inflammation.

Participants were asked to recall their feelings over a period of time in addition to reporting how they were feeling in the moment, in daily life. These self-assessments were taken over a two-week period, then each was followed by a blood draw to measure markers that indicated inflammation.

Jennifer Graham-Engeland, an associate professor at Penn State, found that negative mood accumulated from the week closer to the blood draw was associated with higher levels of inflammation.

Additional analyses also suggested that the timing of mood measurement relative to the blood draw mattered, Graham-Engeland said. Specifically, there were stronger trends of association between momentary negative affect and inflammation when negative mood was assessed closer in time to blood collection.

This work is novel because researchers not only used questionnaires that asked participants to recall their feelings over a period of time, they also asked participants how they were feeling in the moment, Graham-Engeland said.

In addition, momentary positive mood from the same week was associated with lower levels of inflammation, but only among men in this study. "We hope that this research will prompt investigators to include momentary measures of stress and affect in research examining inflammation, to replicate the current findings and help characterise the mechanisms underlying associations between affect and inflammation," Graham-Engeland said.

"We are excited about these findings and hope that they will spur additional research to understand the connection between affect and inflammation.This in turn may promote novel psychosocial interventions that promote health broadly and help break a cycle that can lead to chronic inflammation, disability, and disease," she said.