NASA to observe asteroid flyby to test global tracking network

A group of NASA researchers, including an Indian-origin scientist, said a small asteroid that is expected to fly close to Earth in October this year will help National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to test its network of observatories.

The asteroid flyby which is estimated to be between 10 and 30 metres in size would also benefit scientists who work with the planetary defence.

According to a press release published on NASA’s website, asteroid TC4 will safely fly past the Earth on October 12, and scientists are convinced that it will not come closer than 6,800 km from the surface of the Earth.

The asteroid has been out of range of telescopes since 2012 when it sped past the Earth at about one-fourth the distance from the Earth to the Moon.

Indian-origin scientist Vishnu Reddy, a Professor at the University of Arizona said, “this is a team effort that involves more than a dozen observatories, universities and labs across the globe so we can collectively learn the strengths and limitations of our near-Earth object observation capabilities."

Scientists believe that asteroid 2012 TC4 may be slightly larger than the space rock that hit the Earth's atmosphere near Chelyabinsk, Russia, in February 2013.

NASA will use large telescopes to detect and re-establish the asteroid's precise trajectory. The new observations are expected to help refine knowledge about its orbit, narrowing the uncertainty about how far it will be from the Earth at its closest approach in October.

"Scientists have always appreciated knowing when an asteroid will make a close approach to and safely pass the Earth because they can make preparations to collect data to characterise and learn as much as possible about it," said Michael Kelley, Programme Scientist and NASA Headquarters lead for the TC4 observation campaign.

"This time, we are adding in another layer of effort, using this asteroid flyby to test the worldwide asteroid detection and tracking network, assessing our capability to work together in response to finding a potential real asteroid threat," Kelley added.

Scientists from NASA's Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California, have determined that while at closest approach, asteroid 2012 TC4 will pass no closer than 6,800 km from the Earth -- it will more likely pass much farther away, as far as 270,000 km, or two-thirds of the distance from the Earth to the Moon.

(With agency inputs)