New Delhi:
In once-in-a-lifetime moment, a group of scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has recently captured a rare view of a massive black hole violently devouring a doomed star, illustrating an extraordinary and chaotic cosmic event. To make it possible researchers used NASA's planet-hunting telescope.
The US space agency's orbiting Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, better known as TESS, revealed the detailed timeline of a star 375 million light-years away warping and spiralling into the unrelenting gravitational pull of a supermassive black hole, researchers said on Thursday.
The star, roughly the same size as our sun, was eventually sucked into oblivion in a rare cosmic occurrence that astronomers call a tidal disruption event, they added.
Astronomers used an international network of telescopes to detect the phenomenon before turning to TESS, whose permanent viewing zones designed to hunt distant planets caught the beginning of the violent event, proving effective its unique method of surveilling the cosmos.
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It turns out, staring at the same patch of space for weeks at a time is a great way to catch a black hole devouring a star. 🌀👀
— NASA Goddard (@NASAGoddard) September 26, 2019
NASA’s planet-hunter @NASA_TESS found its first such event this year. âš« ðŸŒÅ¾ ðŸÅ½‡ https://t.co/FjI8kNqpVa pic.twitter.com/aobw7v79y3
"This was really a combination of both being good and being lucky, and sometimes that's what you need to push the science forward," said astronomer Thomas Holoien of the Carnegie Institution for Science, who led the research published in the Astrophysical Journal.
Such phenomena happen when a star ventures too close to a supermassive black hole, objects that reside at the centre of most large galaxies including our Milky Way. The black hole's tremendous gravitational forces tear the star to shreds, with some of its material tossed into space and the rest plunging into the black hole, forming a disk of hot, bright gas as it is swallowed.
"Specifically, we are able to measure the rate at which it gets brighter after it starts brightening, and we also observed a drop in its temperature and brightness that is unique," Holoien said.
Observing the oscillation of light as the black hole gobbles the star and spews stellar material in an outward spiral could help astronomers understand the black hole's behaviour, a scientific mystery since physicist Albert Einstein's work more than a century ago examined gravity's influence on light in motion.
