South Korea’s president impeachment case now in Constitutional Court

After the South Korean parliament's impeachment of President Park Geun-Hye, the spotlight now shifts to the nine judges of the Constitutional Court who could yet slam the door on those seeking to remove her from office.

The lawmakers' vote on Friday suspended Park's sweeping executive powers, but it requires final approval by a two-thirds majority of the court - a lengthy and uncertain process that could take up to six months.  On paper, the court might be expected to favour Park, as nine of its justices were appointed by her or her conservative predecessor, Lee Myung-Bak.

But public opinion is hugely in favour of removing Park from the presidential Blue House, with the most recent opinion polls showing support for impeachment running at around 80 per cent. If the court approves Park's impeachment, a presidential election will be held within 60 days.

So the justices will be under extreme pressure to uphold parliament's decision, especially as the opposition-sponsored impeachment motion was adopted with the support of a significant number of lawmakers from Park's own ruling Saenuri Party.

Park's downfall was triggered by a scandal involving her close friend, Choi Soon-Sil, who is now awaiting trial on charges of using her presidential ties as leverage to squeeze tens of millions of dollars from local companies.

Park is also accused of leaking confidential state documents to Choi, who has no official title or security clearance, but was apparently allowed to meddle in state affairs including senior appointments.

The 40-page impeachment bill charged the president with multiple constitutional and criminal violations ranging from a failure to protect people's lives to bribery and abuse of power.

Many of the charges were based on the initial findings of prosecutors conducting an official investigation into the Choi scandal which will only wrap up in March or April next year. Given that it has 180 days to reach a decision, the court could decide to wait for the investigation to conclude, but that would throw up separate procedural problems with one justice slated to retire in January and another in March.

With Park sidelined and the acting president - her prime minister - expected to keep a low profile, both seats on the bench would likely remain vacant.

That could leave the impeachment motion requiring the approval of six out of only seven justices, rather than six out of nine.